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Early biopsychological changes during masculinizing gender-affirming hormone therapy in AFAB transgender individuals: a 4-month prospective study

June 17, 2026
Studies
Objective Transgender individuals frequently experience elevated levels of psychological distress, including anxiety and trauma-related symptoms. Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) has been associated with improvements in mental health and quality of life; however, early biopsychological...
Matched fragments:
… Hormonal parameters (estradiol, testosterone, prolactin) and … estradiol levels and increased testosterone concentrations. These …

Hormonal Treatment in Young People With Gender Dysphoria: A Systematic Review

April 1, 2018
Studies

SEGM Summary:

Puberty blocking drugs seemed to improve psychological functioning (not mentioned: youth were also receiving psychotherapy) but did not alleviate gender dysphoria. Little is known about the psychosocial effects of giving young people puberty blockers or cross-sex hormones....

Matched fragments:
… GnRHas (n = 9), estrogen (n = 3), testosterone (n = 5), antiandrogen … sex hormones and estrogen or testosterone causing feminization or …

Growing Focus on Detransition

October 18, 2021
Spotlight
A new study of individuals who medically or surgically transitioned and subsequently detransitioned, suggests that the rate of detransition may be significantly underestimated. According to the study, which examined the survey responses of 100 detransitioners, fewer than 1 in 4 notified their...
Matched fragments:
… of their transition. Females took testosterone for an average 2 years, …

Prostatic metaplasia of the vagina in transmasculine individuals

March 1, 2022
Studies
Purpose: To determine the prevalence of prostatic metaplasia in an expanded cohort of transmasculine individuals undergoing gender-affirming resection of vaginal tissue. Methods: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained. Clinical records were reviewed for all transmasculine individuals...
Matched fragments:
… abnormalities. All were on testosterone therapy; median … transmasculine individuals on testosterone therapy (21/21 cases) …

The Final Cass Review and the NHS England Response

April 11, 2024
Spotlight

The Cass Review of England’s gender services for children and young people, initiated four years ago, culminated earlier this week in the publication of the final 388-page report. The report was...

Matched fragments:
… masculinization with the help of testosterone at virtually any age: … males masculinise well on testosterone, so there is no obvious … when sex hormones are introduced. Testosterone is faster to produce …

Chest Reconstruction and Chest Dysphoria in Transmasculine Minors and Young Adults: Comparisons of Nonsurgical and Postsurgical Cohorts

May 1, 2018
Studies
Objective To examine the amount of chest dysphoria in transmasculine youth who had had chest reconstruction surgery compared with those who had not undergone this surgery. Design, Setting, and Participants Using a novel measure of chest dysphoria, this cohort study at a large, urban, hospital-...
Matched fragments:
… care collected survey data about testosterone use and chest distress …

Assisted reproductive technology outcomes in female-to-male transgender patients compared with cisgender patients: a new frontier in reproductive medicine

November 1, 2019
Studies
OBJECTIVE: To investigate assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes in a female-to-male transgender cohort and compare the results with those of a matched cisgender cohort. DESIGN: Matched retrospective cohort study. SETTING: In vitro fertilization clinic. PATIENT(S): Female-to-male...
Matched fragments:
… outcomes can be excellent even if testosterone therapy has already … can be achieved without stopping testosterone therapy. …

Epigenetic remodeling by sex hormone receptors and implications for gender affirming hormone therapy

May 8, 2025
Studies
Sex differences in immune system development and response to pathogens has been well documented, with females exhibiting more favorable outcomes for certain infections but a higher incidence of autoimmune disease compared to males. At least some of these sex differences are mediated by sex hormones...

Occurrence of Acute Cardiovascular Events in Transgender Individuals Receiving Hormone Therapy: Results From a Large Cohort Study

March 12, 2019
Studies

SEGM Summary

MtF and FtM patients taking cross-sex hormones were at much higher risk of serious cardiovascular illness than counterparts of the same biological sex in the general population. The authors advise that both physicians and gender dysphoric individuals seeking cross-sex hormone...

Changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in transmasculine individuals over 10 years of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy

May 22, 2026
Studies
Purpose to describe 10-year changes in health measures and cardiovascular risk among transmasculine adults on testosterone-based Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy. Methods this is a single-centre, longitudinal cohort study of transmasculine adults who began Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy and were...
Matched fragments:
… among transmasculine adults on testosterone-based Gender-Affirming … men. Conclusions Over 10 years, testosterone-based Gender-Affirming …

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