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Purpose To examine anger, irritability, and aggression in transgender and gender diverse adolescents and young adults (AYAs) initiating testosterone treatment over 12 months. Methods Participants were 178 transgender and gender diverse AYA across four major gender care centers in the United States...

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… young adults (AYAs) initiating testosterone treatment over 12 … the United States who initiated testosterone therapy. Participants … Change over time following testosterone initiation was examined …

Chronic gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) is used therapeutically to block activity within the reproductive axis through down-regulation of GnRH receptors within the pituitary gland. GnRH receptors are also expressed in non-reproductive tissues, including areas of the brain such as the...

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… (Controls), had both GnRH and testosterone signaling blocked … blocked (GnRHa-treated with testosterone replacement) during the … by the restorative effects of testosterone replacement, while …

Although it is laudable to attempt to quantify the risk of erythrocytosis due to the administration of exogenous testosterone to transgender males, the methodology of the authors leads to a significant undercount of patients who may ultimately be at risk for cardiovascular events. Studies of...

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… the administration of exogenous testosterone to transgender males, … of transgender males taking testosterone have shown up to a … relative to females not receiving testosterone (1). …

In their study, “Testosterone therapy and the risk of atrial fibrillation, venous 1 thromboembolism and cardiovascular events in cis men with hypogonadism and trans men,” 2 Bonnet and colleagues report a lower risk of suicide attempts in transgender men treated with 3 testosterone compared with...

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… In their study, “Testosterone therapy and the risk of … in transgender men treated with 3 testosterone compared with those not …

We thank Dr. Jorgensen for raising these important methodological points. We agree that immortal-time bias can occur if follow-up periods differ between exposure groups or if outcomes during “immortal” periods are misclassified. However, in our study, the risk of such bias was minimized by the...

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… of transgender men treated with testosterone differed slightly …

More and more teenage girls are choosing to change gender around the world. In Quebec, the healthcare system responds very quickly to their requests for medical transition by prescribing blockers, testosterone, and mastectomies. These young girls often have several mental health issues, and many...

In the media

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… by prescribing blockers, testosterone, and mastectomies. … by prescribing blockers, testosterone, and mastectomies. …

Prisha Mosley was 17 when she was first given testosterone in a clinic in North Carolina, after she had declared to her parents that she was a boy. She had struggled through her teen years with anorexia and depression after a sexual assault. Luka Hein had both breasts removed as a 16-year-old in...

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… was 17 when she was first given testosterone in a clinic in North … mastectomy. She had been on testosterone and puberty-blocking … fat is stored on the body. Giving testosterone to females boosts …

Testosterone therapy induces well-known changes in body composition in transgender men; however, its short-term cardiometabolic effects remain incompletely characterized. This study aimed to evaluate body composition and cardiometabolic changes during testosterone therapy over a 12-month period....

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… Testosterone therapy induces … cardiometabolic changes during testosterone therapy over a 12-month … men initiating intramuscular testosterone therapy who were … initiated intramuscular depot testosterone therapy administered …

BackgroundSex differences in immune responses are partly attributed to sex hormones, with testosterone generally associated with dampened immune responses. However, the specific impact of testosterone on the innate immune system in humans remains unclear. We examined changes in toll-like receptor (...

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… attributed to sex hormones, with testosterone generally associated … However, the specific impact of testosterone on the innate immune … individuals initiating testosterone-based gender-affirming …

The following publication by Hannah Barnes appeared in the New Statesman online on 27 May 2025. The article has been reproduced below fully, with permission.

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… blockers and cross-sex hormones (testosterone) after being assessed … gender. For example, the use of testosterone in females lowers the … suggested that females who take testosterone, have an increased risk …

Search results

Anger, Aggression, and Irritability in Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth Following Testosterone Initiation: A 12-Month Longitudinal Analysis

Spatial memory is impaired by peripubertal GnRH agonist treatment and testosterone replacement in sheep

Letter to the Editor from Laidlaw et al: “Erythrocytosis in a Large Cohort of Transgender Men Using Testosterone: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study on Prevalence, Determinants, and Exposure Years”

Challenges Estimating the Effects of Testosterone on Health Outcomes in Transgender Men: Immortal Time Bias and Other Methodological Concerns

Response to Dr. Sarah C.J. Jorgensen's letter: Addressing Immortal Time Bias and Methodological Concerns in Testosterone Therapy Research

Trans express

The Evidence to Support Medicalised Gender Transitions in Adolescents is Worryingly Weak

Body composition and cardiometabolic changes during gender-affirming hormone therapy: 12-month longitudinal study

Impact of testosterone-based gender-affirming hormone therapy on toll-like receptor transcript levels and peripheral blood leukocyte counts in transmasculine individuals

Exclusive: Why Wes Streeting changed his mind on cross-sex hormones